Logic Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Logic Application - Essay Example Now, this belief goes against the teachings of Bible about stealing. The fact is that a culture is surrounded by a variety of beliefs and human actions that they perform in different situations. Sometimes, those actions earn people benefits even when they are wrong if compared with the God’s words. In such situations, those negative actions become common human behaviors, as well as part of the culture. The impact of following the culture blindly is not good for a society in the long-term. For example, if people adopt the habit of stealing each other’s assets, it will give rise to insecurity and mistrust everywhere in the society. People should understand that stealing is wrong because it makes the environment insecure. As Kurtus (2010) states, â€Å"There have been cases of a mob of angry people catching a purse-snatcher and beating him senseless†. People should understand that what a person earns is his/her personal asset and nobody has the right to steal that asset even if a person has an excess of an

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychology - Essay Example This sort of experiment usually helps in finding out the criticality and success of a new technique or process and the effect on individuals. Such experiments are often conducted in understanding the effect of fertilizers on crop yield. Random selected fields are assigned experimental treatment and the ones left are used as Control groups. (Babbie, 2010 pp. 240-244)   Insecure ambivalent attachment: John Bowlby, who described attachment as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings, developed the earliest attachment theory. This is shown in case of mothers and infants where infants create a sense of security when mothers are available and responsive to their needs. The insecure ambivalent persons are usually overwhelmed with their emotions and often find themselves unable to think rationally about events. Often their ability to bring things to perspective is drowned by their inability to think. This is due to the fact that basic emotional and physical needs are not being met and hence they often show intense anger, enrage, infuriation, frustration and impatience. Fear of conflict or rejection is high among insecure ambivalent adults. In case of ambivalently attached children, they become very distressed when their parent leaves. These children do not depend on their caregiver when they are in need.   This is seen when a child becomes anxious when its mother leaves, however on reunion, it is pleased that the mother has returned but at the same time also angry and doesn’t trust her to stay. (Goodman, 1997 pp.199-207)   Principle of Closure: The principle of closure implies people seek closure as a form of release from tension. People when threatened seek the closure of safety. People anticipate closure for gaining pleasure. Shopping is accompanied with the anticipated completion of purchase that would give pleasure. The mind works to towards seeing that has not already happened or may not be visible yet. This is seen in Gestaltâ€℠¢s principle of closure, which says that the human mind tends to complete figures although a considerable part of the information is missing. The mind matches it with patterns that are already familiar even if it hasn’t received the complete information. This is also speculative of a survival instinct, which takes the form of a predator that can go ahead with incomplete information. In a person’s thinking, closure comes in two places. The first instant is when an individual understands something and derives meaning out of it. The next instant of closure happens when a decision is taken about some pending issues. Closure helps individuals focus on futures by closing doors of confusions of the past. (Osborn & Osborn, 2004 pp.188-190)   Systematic Desensitization: This technique was developed by Joseph Wolpe for treatment of individuals suffering from anxiety related disorders and phobias. It is centered on the principles of classical conditioning and the understanding that whatever an individual had learned can be unlearned. Researches’ have shown that it is an effective method of reducing panic attacks and anxiety that are often associated with fearful situations. The process starts with imagining oneself in fearful situations and using relaxing strategies to counter it. Once an individual can start doing that, he/she gradually starts desensitizing to factors triggering such panic (Ankrom, 2009). The major focus areas in the process to make an individual

The Impact Of Education

The Impact Of Education Every year the Mauritian Government devotes an increasingly large share of its budget to the development of the education sector. The reason for such an increase in government investment in education lies in the belief that education has a direct impact on the economic growth of the country. In most developing countries, like Mauritius for example, education is regarded as a powerful instrument for reducing poverty and removing social and income inequalities, improving economic growth and standards of living, and helping the country to reinforce its autonomy. Appiah and McMahon (2002), Burneth et al. (1995) and others suggest that education also has some positive indirect effects such as increasing longevity, improving democratization and political stability, and reducing poverty and crimes. Education is considered as an investment in human capital. Human capital can be described as the knowledge, abilities and skills of an individual, acquired through education, training and experience, which help the latter to be more productive and thus improve his potential income earning. Ismael (1998), Becker (1964) and Mincer (1974) have emphasized on the fact that, by investing in human beings, we will gain from some forms of benefits in the future. However, Blankneau and Simpson (2004) find no clear evidence on the link between government spending on education and economic growth. Human capital is one of the most important components of sustainable economic development of a country as illustrated by Lucas (1988) and Romer (1990) in their new growth literature. The expanded neoclassical growth model developed by Mankiw, Romer and Weil (MRW) (1992) and the endogenous growth models developed by Lucas (1988), Romer (1990), Barro (1990) and others have only recently stressed on the importance of human capital in growth theories. Even though human capital incorporates health, experience, skills, education and other social factors, in this paper we will concentrate only on the role of education and its effects on the economic development of Mauritius. One problem that arises is when dealing with the measurement of human capital. In fact, there is no agreed definition of which proxy should be used to represent human capital. Generally, the average number of years of schooling has long been seen as a convenient proxy. Some researchers, for example, Mankiw et al. (1992) use secondary enrollment as proxy for education and Barro (1998) uses enrollment in different levels of education, i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary, and also enrollment by gender as proxies. In our study we will be using the average number of years of different schooling levels as proxies for education. Petrakis and Stamatakis (2002) have stressed on the fact that each different level of education has different impact on growth. For example, they find that the effect of primary and secondary education on the economic growth of developing countries is more significant than that of tertiary education, and for developed countries it is the reverse situation that takes place. Since it improves human capital, we could say that education does affect economic growth predominantly, but actually, the impact of education on the economic development is quite ambiguous. There were countless debates over the years by researchers over whether education has a positive, negative or no relationship at all with the economic growth of a country. Barro (1991) finds that education has a positive and significant impact on economic growth. He observes that any rise in enrollment rate, raises GDP too. De Meulmester and Rochet (1995) provide evidence that this relationship may not always be true. Devarajan et al. (1996) find that education has a negative impact on economic growth for some developing countries. They deduce that developing countries are not productive at the margin because these countries do not fairly allocate their public capital expenditure and this explains the opposing relationship between education and economic growth. Some other researchers, such as Hanu shek and Woessmann (2007), find that it is in fact the quality of education that promotes economic development and not the quantity of schooling or schooling attainment. They observe that the skills of the population directly affect the distribution of income and economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of education on the economic growth of Mauritius. 2.1 Effects of Education Education is a never ending process and as said in a famous diction, Education starts from the womb and ends in the tomb. Education benefits the society by helping to increase economic growth, reducing poverty, reducing crimes, increasing employment etc and also helps the individual to earn higher income and therefore improves the latters living standard. The figure below gives a rà ©sumà © of the effects of education at the micro and macro levels. Source: Michaelowa, Katharina. (2000) Returns to Education in Low Income Countries: Evidence for Africa. The above diagram shows the micro and macro effects of education. There are irrefutable evidences that connect education to economic growth and education in form of human capital boosting productivity. Education is in fact productivity-enhancing. It is said that a person without basic literacy and numeracy skills have many difficulties in completing basic tasks of everyday life, which therefore shows the importance of education. Education affects the growth of the economy in various ways. We here discuss the direct effects of education. Education is said to be connected to the notion of empowerment. Individuals with a certain level of higher education not only have good job with interesting wages but also augment productivity of the economy. Some studies have shown that GDP per capita rises by 1 to 3 percentage points following a 1 percentage point increase in school enrollment rates. Therefore, education is said to increase individuals wages along with the augmentation of productivity and finally GDP per capita. Here we discuss indirect effects of education. According to Glewwe (1999), Schultz (1993), Hobcraft (1993), and Thomas, Strauss and Henriques (1991) mothers schooling have indirect positive effects on the economy. It is said that an additional year of mothers schooling will induce the child to be in a better health and encourage them to learn which will eventually increase their chances to be a productive person in the future and affect the economy positively. Furthermore, educated individuals are more likely to be aware about family planning and this will ultimately reduce childbirth. This results in families having more or less 1 to 2 children, that is, a smaller family where more time is dedicated to the childrens education. This attention in return motivates the children to be more motivated at school and have better results. These children are thus encouraged to pursue their education to higher levels. Moreover, educated workers are more likely to adapt to new technology and new working techniques easier than illiterate workers. It is also said that an educated workforce is more productive than an uneducated workforce, that is, the return of an educated worker is higher compared to that of an uneducated one. Higher returns have a positive impact on the economic growth. Michaelowa (2000) uses the example of an educated farmer who uses new agricultural techniques to produce goods. Through education, the farmer will acquire the knowledge and skills required to use these new agricultural techniques and therefore he will be more productive compared to other farmers who are still using traditional techniques. The other farmers in the neighborhoods will tend to do the same in order to achieve higher profits, so this causes both the farmer and the neighbors to have higher returns and in turn increases GDP per capita. Mincer (1974) says that there is a relationship between education and individual earnings which in turn produce private returns. The Mincerian equation helps to differentiate between the different levels of education and distinguish their effects on the economy. He also claims that an additional year of schooling will lead to higher private returns. 2.2 Theoretical Framework Ramsey (1928), Solow (1956), Swan (1956), Cass (1965) and Koopmans (1965) among others developed the neoclassical model of economic growth. In his model, Solow (1956) claimed that two important factors determined growth, namely the quantity of labor and the capital stock. The neoclassical model assumes diminishing returns to capital and labour independently, and the input-output ratio is determined by exogenous technological factors. This model does not take into account the effects of factors such as human capital, health etc on the economic development. In fact, Schulz (1961) proved that labor and capital did not explain completely the increase in output and Lucas (1988) pointed out that investment in human capital is one of the main determinants of economic development. Moreover, in order to offset the adverse effects of diminishing returns, thus allowing the economy to grow, the neoclassical model suggests that the country must invest heavily in technology. In theory, this is one of the reasons why low-income countries with low ratios of capital to labor are likely to grow faster than rich countries. But empirical results have shown some inconsistencies with this hypothesis as demonstrated by Summers and Heston (1988). Later, Lucas (1988), Romer (1990), Barro (1991) and others developed the endogenous growth models in order to overcome the shortcomings of the neoclassical growth models. In the endogenous growth model, exogenous technological progress does not affect steady growth. This model introduces human capital as an input in the form of effective labor and implies that the accumulation of human capital directly affects labour productivity. The main difference between effective labour and physical labour lies in the fact that the former is calculated by taking into account labour quality such as educational level, training and skills. Both Lucas (1998) and Romer (1990) have used agents to represent the effects of human capital in their models respectively. According to Romer (1990), human capital is the decisive input that generates new products and technology in the Research Development sector and therefore this implies that countries with high levels of human capital stocks will grow faster due to the more rapid development of new products and technology generated by them. Lucas (1988) incorporates human capital in his model and claims that the accumulation of human capital will enhance productivity of other factors and thus will boost economic growth. He also affirms that never-ending increases in human capital will result in never-ending economic growth. In his model, human capital is a measure of abilities and skills used in production by a worker. However, Grossman and Helpman (1994) state that it is some form of knowledge which can eventually cause never-ending growth, not human capital. Schultz (1999) outlines the importance of human capital through education and health in determining economic growth. He insists that education increases both peoples awareness and their investments on health services, and also healthy people tend to be more efficient and therefore more productive. 2.3 Empirical Evidence Barro (1991) finds that education and economic growth are highly correlated. He uses enrollment rate as a proxy for education and per capita GDP as a proxy for economic growth. Data are collected across more than 100 countries during the years 1960 to 1990 and Barro finds that each additional year of enrollment increases per capita GDP. Bils and Klenow (2000) also come across similar results in their research. They find that variation in schooling explains approximately one third of the variation in economic growth. Although Bils and Klenow (2000) provide evidence of the positive relationship between education and economic development, they also claim that more growth could result in more education and not the opposite, i.e. there is a reverse causation effect. Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995) use cross-country data made up of 90 countries over the time span 1965-1985. They employ the AK framework, which displays constant return to capital as it assumes that the other elements (labor and technology) that determine GDP grow proportionately with capital. In other words, each increase in capital increases output correspondingly. Their results indicate strong positive relationship on the long-run between average GDP per capita and the level of educational attainment, terms of trade and life expectancy. However, some researchers claim that the type of regressions performed by Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995) may be subject to reverse causation effect as stated before. For example, a rise in GDP could increase investment in education as the economy develops. Such type of results will have great influence on our research as we want to study the impact of education on the economic growth and not the reverse. Akcabelen (2009) uses the ARDL approach to determine the short-run and long-run effects of different levels of education on Turkeys economic development. Secondary enrollment and tertiary enrollment are used as different proxies for education and this enables us to examine the impact of each level of education on the economic growth. Akcabelen concludes that there is positive correlation between all levels of education and the long-run economic development of Turkey. Loening (2002) uses time-series data from 1951 to 2000 and applies the error-correction methodology to analyze the impact of education on the economic growth of Guatemala. He observes that output per worker increases by 0.16 percent following a 1 percent rise in the average years of schooling. So he agrees on the fact that education does have a positive impact on the overall economic development of the country. Afzal et al. (2010) use time series data from 1970-2009 to analyze the relationship between education, physical capital, inflation, poverty and economic growth in Pakistan. According to their findings, education and physical capital have both a positive and considerable effect on economic growth in the short-run as well as in the long-run. They also find that inflation slows down economic growth in the long-run and poverty has no effect at all on the economic development of Pakistan. Other researchers, such as Kakar et al. (2011), have used time series data for the time span 1980-2009 and apply the Error Correction Model (ECM) and come to the conclusion that education influences Pakistans economic development only in the long-run. They also observe that the quality of education is more important than the quantity of education in achieving economic growth, so the government should increase its investment in education with the aim of enhancing the quality of education further. Since Mauritius is part of Africa, it is also good to see the results of researches conducted in other African countries. Fonkeng and Ntembe (2009) use enrollment and GDP as proxies for education and economic development and they notice that education at higher level, i.e. at tertiary level, is positively correlated with economic growth of Cameroon. Musila and Belassi (2004) use government expenditure on education as proxy for education for the years 1965 to 1999. They apply the cointegration and the ECM methods and find that there is positive correlation between average workers expenditure on education and the economic growth of Uganda. Ndiyo (2007) uses time series data from 1970 to 2000 on real education expenditure, real capital formation and GDP, and employs the VAR technique. Based on the results obtained after computations, Ndiyo (2007) demonstrates that education does not have a positive effect on the economic development of Nigeria. He suggests that this result can be explai ned by various factors such as labor market distortions, redundancy, brain drain, industrial disputes and job discontinuities, and government failure etc. Khorasgani (2008) analyses the impact of higher education on Irans economic development for the period 1959 to 2005. The proxies used for human capital are education attainment and research expenditures. Khorasgani (2008) uses the Cobb-Douglas production function together with the ARDL method to determine the short-run and long-run effects of higher education on the economic growth. The study demonstrates that real output increases by 0.314 percent in the long run and 0.198 percent in the short run following a 1 percent increase in higher education attainment. Hence, higher education has a positive and significant impact on the economic development of Iran. .

Urban Legend of Ghostly Dreams :: Urban Legends

Ghostly Dreams of Owners Passed The following ghost story was told to me by a friend when I had a small group of friends over to my house in Massachusetts during spring break. He is a 20-year-old white male. The story was told at night after we had finished watching the show Lost on television, so the atmosphere was a little bit tense. It did not simply come up in context; I prompted all of my friends to tell any ghost stories or urban legends that they knew. I wrote the story down a few hours later after my friends left. This is as close to the story he told as I could remember at that time: My friend’s house is wicked old. Built in the 1700s, there’s a lot of really old stuff there. It may have been involved in the Underground Railroad. It has secret passageways and windows for servants to look in and talk to their masters. They originally lived in Springfield, Mass. and he [his friend’s Dad] knew the two people in the house in Agawam, Massachusetts previously. When he found out it was going on the market he decided to go buy it. Before they managed to complete the sale one of the two ladies died. And the other lady either died or left. At least one of them died in a room in the house. So after that they still decided to take the house. There were a few times when he tried to find things. And one time in particular he was looking for a ladder. He looked everywhere around the house including inside, outside, and in the shed. That night he had a dream and the dead previous owner came to him in the dream and told him to look in the shed aga in. The next day when he looked in the shed, the ladder was sitting right directly in the middle of it just like she had said in his dream. There was no way he could have missed it the day before. This happened on a couple different occasions with other items as well. As he told the story he used small hand motions to emphasize main points of the story and he paused after important points to allow the information to sink in; he did not sound nervous while telling the story, but he did try to convey a spooky atmosphere in an attempt to scare the audience.

The Advantage and The Detriments of Using Internet

The honourable headmaster, and staff of my shcool. The honourable the Juries and my English teachers. Ladies and Gentlemen. First of all, I want to say thanks for our almighthy God who has given us health so we can meet in this nice room today. And I don't forget to express my gratitude to the juries who have given me the opportunity to stand here for conveying a speech in front of you all.And then I say thank you very much for all the participants and the udience that give me support to deliver my speech. Ladies and Gentlemen. At this time I will convey a speech in front of you by little the Advantages and the Detriments of using internet. Internet is a program that has been created to connect the communication from one computer to all the computer in the world. Internet usually use by students, businessmen, and etc. Internet have many advantages for us. The advantages is we can find a lot of informations, knowledges, entertainments, nd business informations.Although Internet have a lot of advantages. Internet have many detriments too. The detriments arise because many people who abuse It like playing game too often, waste time, not take knowledge, hackers, dirty advertisements, look at pornography picture and waste money. I think It's enough for today. Thank you for all the Juries and all the audience. Last but not least, I give one statement for â€Å"Browse this world by Internet but don't forget for the consequence of Internet†.

Organizational Conflict Essay

Conflicts within an organization can be difficult on employees. Some conflicts may be petty and some could end up in violence. They are often started because of the difference of opinions between employees (Shetach, A., 2012). Regardless of the situation; employers cannot afford to have conflicts within their organization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the reason for the conflict within this organization and to come up with ways to help solve the conflicts. Description of the Conflict The conflict at my place of employment is that there are never enough associates scheduled to perform the duties that are needed to be done. The ICS team is the main team that goes through the inventory in the back room on a daily basis. Their job is to bin every item that comes within this store with a labeling system. The problem that is being cause is that there are not enough associates able to keep up with binning the items after the ICS team finishes scanning and counting their freight. What conflict that has occurred from this is that the unloaders are coming in and they have to help them out. In return the un-loaders are falling behind in their work. When the morning shift associates comes in; mainly department managers they have to work out the items that the ICS team has scanned. When you look at the amount of freight that is needing to be work out, it could be from four to fifteen L-carts. L-carts are the large carts that are used to move large freight to the floor or to the customer’s car. Production was falling behind because there was not a good plan set into place on who, what, and how the receiving area of the store would be operated. There was lack of communication that was going on between upper management and lower management. It seemed as though the associates were the ones that were making the decisions instead of the managers. The ICS team and the un-loaders were constantly arguing with each other, claiming that the other one is not doing their job. The department managers were coming in to work stating that the overnight associates were not putting out freight. It looked as if the same freight was left from the day before was not being worked. Level of Conflict There are four levels of conflict within an organization (Baack, D., 2012). What is going on within this organization is called intragroup conflicts. Intragroup conflicts occur when incidents between members of a team do not have the same mind set concerning goals. They disagree with the way the operations are being handled and the leadership (Baack, D., 2012). If conflicts are left unattended within an organization it could affect the overall goal of the company. The teams may not do what they need to do and the decision that they make in doing their job may not be the right decision (Baack, D., 2012). Propose Steps to Resolve the Conflict There are five steps that must be followed in order to help resolve conflicts within this organization. The first thing is to identify the parties that are involved in the conflict. Determining if the entire team is involved or if there is an individual that is causing the conflict need to be investigated first (Baack, D., 2012). By doing this, it will allow for the managers to help determine what is need to be done in order to resolve the conflict. This conflict can be stopped with the proper communication between team members and management. But they need to have weekly meeting in order to go over their goals and their concerns (Shetach, A., 2012). Having meeting will allow the team members to voice their opinions if they feel they may not be doing ample amount of production that is needed in order to be productive. This can be analyzed by management as soon as it is brought up in the meeting. The management team needs to find out what the real issue is within the team and figure o ut how the problem started. While they are investigating this issue they need to also know what position that each team member have concerning this conflict (Baack, D., 2012). This can help management to understand where each team member stands on this conflict so it could help them come up with a better solution in order to stop the problem. Finding an area in which there can be bargaining is very important in resolving conflicts within an organization (Baack, D., 2012). Management need to stay neutral in making a decision regarding the conflict that is going on between the ICS team, the unloaders, and the department managers. There should be lines in which the managers need to be able to listen to all sides and not show favoritism. Finding the best solution for the organization in what is important. The policies need to be addressed at the time when bargaining process is going on (Montgomery, M., 1995). At the same time, the team members need to be able to work through their conflicts. There need to be a check list that needs to be done on a daily basis in order for each backroom associate to follow. If they are not able to do what they are assigned then they should be able to type in the reason why. For example, I was called to work in the garden center by Assistant Tony. It should have the time, and date on the log so that it can show the reason why a task was not completed. Management should not be able to call an ICS member out of their work area for more than 15 minutes a day. Considering they might be one of four that was assigned to scan in what is coming off of the trucks. Another step that could help resolve the conflict is to schedule people with the department managers that only have one associate. Some department managers do not have more than one associate within th eir area. A department manage usually have five hundred to five thousand prices changes to do on a daily basis. They have to work their bins; bins are the freight that they have to put out on the shelves. If more associates are schedule past 5 pm, it could help the organization to make a better profit; because the shelves will be filled. Not all conflict situations are the same. Some may be resolved if the people that are involved learn the effect that their opinion, attitudes, or behavior have on other team members (Montgomery, M., 1995). Some of the managers need to be more productive by helping the team members to see what they need to improve in or what they have to offer to make the team stronger. Outcomes to the Conflict Resolution By not doing anything and letting the teams argue about what each other are doing it will cause a lack of production within the team. It could affect the entire team as a whole. Agreement is very important in a conflict resolution (Baack, D., 2012). When all of the team members on the ICS, department managers, and the un-loaders believe that their opinions matters that is when agreement is reached. The managers have to let them all know that all of the concerns that were leading up to their conflicts have been met. Everyone will be held accountable for their own job expectation, and no one will be pulled out of their area for more than fifteen minutes a day. The night managers will make sure that they have associates working in areas that have the largest amount of freight in order to keep the department managers from being over whelmed. Stronger relationships may develop between the teams; however, some teams like to work without other teams being involved. Take the ICS team for example; they do not trust anyone to count what is coming in on the truck. If an upper member of management scans what comes in on the truck they do not have much of a choice. If a new employee is in training they have to gain trust within this group before they let them work by themselves. And finally organizational learning can take place among team members. The can learn how to work together by coming up with better ways to find solutions to the problems they may encounter within their team (Baack, D., 2012). They can learn how to deal with each other on a personal level because they may have learned what each team needs. If the meetings continue to be given between these three teams on a weekly basis, this will teach them. In conclusion, there conflicts can make it difficult for team to work together. This paper was to show ways that teams could resolve their conflicts in order to help their organization to run smoothly and put a handle on conflicts. References Baack, D. (2012). Organizational behavior. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc Montgomery, M., (1995). Five steps to resolves conflicts. Supervisory Management, 40(10), 8 Shetach, A., (2012). Conflict Leadership. Navigating Toward Effective and Efficient Team Outcomes. Journal for Quality & Participation, 35(2), 25-30

Government Use of Media to Advance Foreign Policy Agenda

Government Use of Media to Advance Foreign Policy Agenda Abstract The following essay analyzes the relationship between the media and the government. The paper provides evidence that many governments, particularly those that exist in established democracies, openly employ media propaganda to advance their agendas in foreign policy. The different methods of research employed in this essay include content analysis, polls and surveys and the uses and gratifications model.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Government Use of Media to Advance Foreign Policy Agenda specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction While the original intention of the media was to provide an independent, bipartisan check to the power of any individual government, the power base of any established democracy relies on the media to communicate to its followers. This is especially true in the case of foreign policy. Various media outlets interpret international events and their effects on foreign policy acco rding to the political interests they serve. According to McCormick (2009), the media play an important role in foreign policy by virtue of what foreign policy issues they chose to report. Thus media coverage has a direct â€Å"influence on public’s attention to foreign policy,† as well as an enormous impact on what foreign policy issues become newsworthy (p. 546). The essential first step in foreign policy is to decide what information the public has access to, thus the role of the media as information gatekeepers becomes paramount (McCormick 2009; Spanier Hook 2009). Governments in established democracies therefore employ media propaganda to advance their agendas in foreign policy. Content Analysis Content analysis refers to the methodology used to examine the specific content of a given communication tool. For the purposes of this essay, content analysis focuses on the texts used by the government as they relate to the cycle of voting in established democracies suc h as the United States. As Krippendorff (2004) observes, â€Å"in governments in which succession is†¦regulated politically†¦predicting the succession of leadership†¦is a favorite game of political analysts and important to foreign policy decision makers† (p. 175). Content analysis remains a pivotal instrument that researchers use to â€Å"expose propaganda techniques† employed by the media (Krippendorff, 2004, p. 45). Perceived successes in foreign policy may be advertised via the media to engender support during an election drive. An example is the May 2011 coverage of the death of Osama bin Laden, utilized by the Democrats in a partisan manner, as well as by the Republicans, who argued that it was the policies of the George W. Bush administration that allowed Obama to capture the fugitive Al Qaeda leader (Adams 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Surveys (Polls) The proliferation of online media outlets leads to a more informal method of polling for governments to use in addition to the standard polls such as Gallup – monitoring online chat of a political through Twitter and Facebook, as well as reading the prevailing moods conveyed in the media blogosphere. Bucy (2005) argues that the media will facilitate change on both sides however, not simply as a tool for swaying votes; â€Å"since people will communicate their views on government more directly, rulers and representatives will become more sensitive†¦and, perhaps, more responsive†¦to lobbying and public-opinion polls, especially in established democracies† (Bucy, 2005, p. 9). Uses Gratification Model The uses and gratification model refers to a central tenet of media analysis – the effect of any given media depend entirely on who uses them, for what purpose and how often (Bucy 2009). As Bucy (2009) explains, â€Å"how a person is affected by a given communications medium depends on that person’s reasons and goals for using that medium†¦People use the Internet for a variety of reasons and motivations†¦and will thus use it differently and it will have different effects on them accordingly. There is, in short, no simple sound bite for how using the Internet will affect an individual (Bucy, 2009, p. 196). Thus, any government’s use of the media to advance foreign policy propaganda will only have impact insofar as it reaches its intended targets and gratifies them in some way, be it through affirming their current belief system or adhering to existing prejudices and knowledge. The media must be consumed in order to have its desired impact; therefore people who do not engage with any given media outlet’s coverage of a particular foreign policy issue will feel little or no affinity to the message. Similarly, certain media appeal to certain mindsets; media consumers typical ly choose media outlets which conform to their view of the world. Conclusion One thing that can be ascertained from the research, the media remains a central player in any political outcome, particularly in a democracy where voters are free to identify with the media outlets of their choice. The vast network of media also acquires more power in the political climate political system, according to Sparks (2006), because the system itself is â€Å"more unstable. There are fewer people who identify strongly with a single party, more people who call themselves independents, and more people splitting their ticket at the polls. In such a volatile climate, scholars expect that the media might have more impact on the political process† (Sparks, 2006, p. 55).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Government Use of Media to Advance Foreign Policy Agenda specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Governments can certainly be expected t o continue to deploy propaganda via various channels to sway voters however; voters, like consumers, develop media savvy in the same way that governments do. Media consumers actively engage with the media that affirms their existing worldview, thus the propaganda will likely be more readily sniffed out and either accepted or cast aside. References Adams, R. (2011, May 2). Rush Limbaugh and Glenn Beck: Thank God for President Obama. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/international. Bucy, E. (2005). Living in the information age: A new media reader(2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. McCormick, J. (2009). American Foreign Policy and Process. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing. Spanier, J. and Hook, S. (2009). American Foreign Policy since World War II. Washington: CQ Press. Sparks, G. (2006). Media effects research.Belmont: CA: Thomson/Wadsworth P ublishing.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Ivory Soap in the Microwave - Heat Makes Foam

Ivory Soap in the Microwave - Heat Makes Foam If you unwrap a bar of Ivoryâ„ ¢ soap and microwave it, the soap will expand into a foam that is more than six times the size of the original bar. Its a fun trick that wont hurt either your microwave or the soap. This soap trick can be used to demonstrate closed-cell foam formation, physical change, and Charles Law. Soap Trick Materials Bar of Ivoryâ„ ¢ soapPaper towel or microwave-safe dishMicrowave ovenOther brands of soap for comparison (optional) Perform the Soap Trick Unwrap a bar of Ivoryâ„ ¢ soap.Place the bar of soap on a paper towel or microwave-safe dish.Microwave your soap. Watch the soap closely to see what happens.Depending on microwave power, your soap will reach its maximum volume within 90 seconds to 2 minutes. If you microwave the soap longer (we  went up to 6 minutes) nothing bad will happen, but the soap wont continue to grow.Allow the soap to cool for a minute or two before touching it.The soap will feel brittle and flaky, but its still soap, with the same cleaning power as before. Go ahead and get it wet and youll see it lathers the same as ever. About Foams A foam is any material that traps a gas inside a cells of foams include shaving cream, whipped cream, Styrofoamâ„ ¢, and even bone. Foams can be fluid or solid, squishy or rigid. Many foams are polymers, but the type of molecule isnt what defines whether or not something is a foam. How the Soap Trick Works Two processes occur when you microwave the soap. First, you are heating the soap, which softens it. Second, you are heating the air and water trapped inside the soap, causing the water to vaporize and the air to expand. The expanding gasses push on the softened soap, causing it to expand and become a foam. Popping popcorn works in much the same way. When you microwave Ivoryâ„ ¢, the appearance of the soap is changed, but no chemical reaction occurs. This is an example of a physical change. It also demonstrates Charles Law, which states the volume of a gas increases with its temperature. The microwaves impart energy into the soap, water, and air molecules, causing them to move faster and further away from each other. The result is that the soap puffs up. Other brands of soap dont contain as much whipped air and simply melt in the microwave. Things to Try Place a bar of Ivoryâ„ ¢ in a bowl of water. Does it float? Try this with other brands of soap. Do they float or sink?Cut or break off a piece of Ivoryâ„ ¢ and examine it. Do you see pockets of air? The air that causes Ivoryâ„ ¢ to be less dense than water has been whipped into the soap, so you wont see bubbles or pockets of air. This is important because its the reason why the soap trick works.Try microwaving other brands of soap. Soap Trick Safety Dont leave the microwave unattended while microwaving soap.Dont place metal in the microwave.Be aware that while microwaving soap will not harm either your microwave or the soap, it will cause your microwave to smell floral and pretty for several hours.Wash your hands after playing with soap so that you dont accidentally eat it (though its not toxic) or get it in your eyes (which would burn).

Definition and Examples of Generative Grammar

Definition and Examples of Generative Grammar In linguistics, generative grammar is grammar (or set of rules) that indicates the structure and interpretation of sentences which native speakers of a language accept as belonging to the language. Adopting the term generative from mathematics, linguist Noam Chomsky introduced the concept of generative grammar in the 1950s. This theory is also known as transformational grammar, a term still used today. Key Takeaways: Generative Grammar Generative grammar is a theory of grammar, first developed by Noam Chomsky in the 1950s, that is based on the idea that all humans have an innate language capacity. Linguists who study generative grammar are not interested in prescriptive rules; rather, they are interested in uncovering the foundational principals that guide all language production. Generative grammar accepts as a basic premise that native speakers of a language will find certain sentences grammatical or ungrammatical, and that these judgments give insight into the rules governing the use of that language. Definition Grammar refers to the set of rules that structure a language, including syntax (the arrangement of words to form phrases and sentences) and morphology (the study of words and how they are formed). Generative grammar is a theory of grammar that holds that human language is shaped by a set of basic principles that are part of the human brain (and even present in the brains of small children). This universal grammar, according to linguists like Chomsky, comes from our innate language faculty. In Linguists for Non-Linguists, Frank Parker and Kathryn Riley argue that generative grammar is a kind of unconscious knowledge that allows a person, no matter what language they speak, to form correct sentences: Simply put, a generative grammar is a theory of competence: a model of the psychological system of unconscious knowledge that underlies a speakers ability to produce and interpret utterances in a language...A good way of trying to understand [Noam] Chomskys point is to think of a generative grammar as essentially a definition of competence: a set of criteria that linguistic structures must meet to be judged acceptable. Generative grammar is distinct from other grammars such as prescriptive grammar, which attempts to establish standardized language rules that certain usages right or wrong, and descriptive grammar, which attempts to describe language as it is actually used (including the study of pidgins and dialects). Instead, generative grammar attempts to get at something deeper- the foundational principles that make language possible across all of humanity. For example, a prescriptive grammarian may study how parts of speech are ordered in English sentences, with the goal of laying out rules (nouns precede verbs in simple sentences, for example). A linguist studying generative grammar, however, is more likely to be interested in issues such as how nouns are distinguished from verbs across multiple languages. Principles of Generative Grammar The main principle of generative grammar is that all humans are born with an innate capacity for language- and that this capacity shapes the rules for what is considered correct grammar in a language. The idea of an innate language capacity- or a universal grammar- is not accepted by all linguists. Some believe, to the contrary, that all languages are learned, and therefore based on certain constraints. Proponents of the universal grammar argument believe that children, when they are very young, are not exposed to enough linguistic information to learn the rules of grammar. That children do in fact learn the rules of grammar is proof, according to some linguists, that there is an innate language capacity that allows them to overcome the poverty of the stimulus. Examples of Generative Grammar As generative grammar is a theory of competence, one way to test it is with what is called a grammaticality judgment task. This involves presenting a native speaker with a series of sentences and having them decide whether the sentences are grammatical (acceptable) or ungrammatical (unacceptable). For example: The man is happy.Happy man is the. A native speaker would judge the first sentence to be acceptable and the second to be unacceptable. From this, we can make certain assumptions about the rules governing the order of parts of speech in English sentences (for instance, a to be verb linking a noun and an adjective must follow the noun and precede the adjective).

The Repositioning of American Public Administration Article Summary Essay

The Repositioning of American Public Administration Article Summary - Essay Example This is in response to the new social, economic, and political conditions primarily caused by the increasing irrelevance of national or state boundaries as well as the gradual reduction of state dominance over public affairs. At the basis of such observation is the perspective that public administration is in a continuous process of distancing from â€Å"theories and concepts of the clash of interests, of electoral and interest group competition, of games, and of winners and losers† (Frederickson, 1999, p.702). Instead it is on the path of embracing concepts of â€Å"cooperation, networking, governance, and institution building and maintenance.† This is how Frederickson observes and predicts the current trend of repositioning of American public administration. The main external condition that prompts the said repositioning is that the state has lost much of its power over the subjects and over other institutions in society. Apparently, it has become disarticulated and fragmented. This means that the boundaries between nations are being made inconsequential as trading and economic ties have become the principal basis of international relations instead of agreements on territorial jurisdictions and other political aspects. The barriers between the public and the government, with the usual setup that the latter has administrative control over the former, are also in the process of elimination. Public administration is now also the concern of non-government organizations and other institutions that are not in any way related to the government. A number of these changes may have been mere responses to new situations without the benefit of deeper scrutiny and eventual legislation. However, in the US, the process of repositioning is also gradual ly being enshrined through the creation of laws regarding such changes. The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 is one

Modern Diplomatic History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern Diplomatic History - Essay Example In this paper, for the purposes of clarity, the researcher would define the first half of the nineteenth century from the years 1800 to 1850. In addition, the researcher would also try to look at the significant events in modern European history in these years, as well as the status of the major powers, in order to root out the causes of why no major war occurred in this period. One of the most important historical backgrounds of early nineteenth century Europe was the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars (McLynn 215). This war, which actually lasted from the years 1803-1815, actually proves to be the last major war between great European powers in the first half of the nineteenth century; in addition, this also set the tone for the establishment of the period of â€Å"Pax Britannica,† which would be a major reason why there would be no major war again in continental Europe until the second half of the nineteenth century, as the researcher would expound later in the paper (Fremon t-Barnes and Fisher 321). These wars were actually resulted by the creation of the French Empire by the French General Napoleon, which proved to be the last major challenge to the supremacy of the British Empire until the First World War. The final stages of the Napoleonic Wars (which covered the period of the early years of the nineteenth century) actually pitted the French Empire lead by Napoleon against various coalitions (from the Third to the Seventh Coalition) composed of the British Empire and its allies, most notably Russia, Prussia, Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden, and a number of German States (Fremont-Barnes and Fisher 259). At first, the French Empire (through the use of mass conscription and shrewd diplomacy) actually conquered most of continental Europe (except Great Britain), who at its peak created and/or controlled the client states of the Kingdom of Spain, the Kingdom of Naples, the Kingdom of Italy, the Swiss Confederation, the Confederation of the Rhine, the Low Countries, and the grand Duchy of Warsaw, among others (Fremont-Barnes and Fisher 15). However, constant warfare with the continental alliances, along with their failure to conquer the British Empire, actually brought about the downfall of the French Empire, resulting in Napoleon’s defeat at Russia and finally at Waterloo (Fremont-Barnes and Fisher 306). The Congress of Vienna, where the terms of the surrender of the French Empire, the reestablishment of the French Bourbon Monarchy, and the restructuring of Europe was discussed by the â€Å"Four Great Powers† (Prussia, United Kingdom, Austria and Russia), one of the greatest manifestation of diplomatic negotiation and compromise in Modern European History was witnessed (Chapman 1). Of course, these four great powers actually had their own territorial ambitions, as well as other objectives; however, the main objective among these powers was to resolve the issues caused by the French Empire, and by creating stability in Europe through the balance of powers (Chapman 16). There are many diplomatic provisions that were provided in the Congress of Vienna; however, this paper would focus on the most important provisions that would result to the relatively peaceful Europe for the next four decades (Chapman 55). As a result of the Congress of Vienna, Russia actually received the former French controlled Duchy of Warsaw,

Compare and Contrast US policy toward Cuba under George H.W. Bush and Research Proposal

Compare and Contrast US policy toward Cuba under George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton - Research Proposal Example Currently, there exists no official diplomatic relationship between Cuba and the U.S; rather the countries have maintained an embargo that makes any business association between Cubans and U.S corporations illegal. Analysts argue that the conflict between the U.S and Cuba is as a result of the Americans imperialism ideology that is invading the freedom of Cubans. The U.S has maintained its military troops in Guantanamo Bay despite Cuba’s independence in 1992. This move has continued hindering the process of transformation in Cuba and the diplomatic relationship between the two nations is described as tense. The Cuban ambassadorial representation in the U.S in handled by Interest sections in Washington D.C while the U.S is represented politically by similar interest section in Havana. The U.S administration has continued with the Business embargo in both president Bill Clintons Administration as well as the President Bush’s governance. The relationship between the U.S and Cuba is major dominated by restrictions and conflicts. These include economic sanctions and traveling limitations between the two countries. The consequence of such sanctions is reduced interactions in terms of commerce, politics and civilian relationships between the two countries. The U.S government idea of embargo is to facilitate peaceful transformation of Cuban governance from political instability to democracy and an administration that respects human rights (Roy 2000, 123). The embargo dates back to the Eisenhower’s administration in the U.S, this is the time when Fidel Castro took power. The U.S was so much involved with war against communism (Cold War) and it banned shipment of arms to Cuban since at the time, Castro was leading a large rebel group (Perez 2003, 274). The whole of the U.S administration since then has been characterized by

Answer questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer questions - Research Paper Example This has happened with Orkut before, though Facebook is too big to be waived any time soon. Ans. Convergence means the continuity of content across a range of media platforms; the exchange, cooperation, and interaction among multiple industries of media, and the media audiences’ migratory behavior in terms of their tendency to move anywhere to attain the entertainment experiences desired by them. As a consumer, I have experienced convergence as the flow of media content across borders, the competing media economies, and media systems. Global coverage of CNN and localization of Sesame Street are some of its examples. Ans. Digital media will grow both in features and consumption in the future. Expansion of digital media will provide the users with increased connectivity and more social interaction. New models of mobile phones and Ipads with new apps and software will play a cardinal role in the growth and expansion of digital media. Improvement in the life and usage of digital media is also anticipated e.g. increased battery life of digital gadgets, as the competition among the producers of such gadgets increases. Ans. This view of the future motivates me to gain a firm understanding of and expertise in the use of the various types of digital media, irrespective of whatever profession I eventually decide to pursue. The use of and dependency upon digital media of all professions is anticipated to increase in the future, be it engineering, medical sciences, or any other kind of business. In the times when newer versions of software, apps, and digital media surface very frequently, one needs to be constantly updated and modify one’s skills accordingly. Ans. If my view of the future is accurate, I would not only need strong computer skills, but also strong interpersonal skills. One thing advancement of technology and revolution of digital media particularly focuses upon is increased social networking.

William Burroughs and Rock Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

William Burroughs and Rock Culture - Essay Example William was born as the youngest son to a business family in St. Louis. He attended the John Burroughs School in St. Louis where his first published essay, "Personal Magnetism," was published in the John Burroughs Review in 1929. He then attended The Los Alamos Ranch School in New Mexico, which was stressful for him and was soon expelled from Los Alamos after taking chloral hydrate in Santa Fe with a fellow student. He finished high school at Taylor School in St. Louis and, in 1932, left home to pursue an arts degree at Harvard University. He was introduced to the gay culture at Harvard. According to According to Ted Morgan's Literary Outlaw, "His parents, upon his graduation, had decided to give him a monthly allowance of $200 out of their earnings from Cobblestone Gardens, a tidy sum in those days. It was enough to keep him going, and indeed it guaranteed his survival for the next twenty-five years, arriving with welcome regularity. The allowance was a ticket to freedom; it allowed him to live where he wanted to and to forgo employment. -Ted Morgan, Literary Outlaw. p.65. New York:Avon Books, 1988." The original edition of Junkie credited to "William Lee" was Burroughs's first novel publication. He had begun writing in 1945 and soon collaborated with Kerouac on "And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks, a mystery novel loosely based on the Carr/Kammerer situation that was left unpublished. An excerpt of this work, in which Burroughs and Kerouac wrote alternating chapters, was finally published in "Word Virus", a compendium of William Burroughs' writing that was published after his death in 1997. The first novel - Junkie, was taken from letters he had written to Ginsberg who encouraged him to think of writing a novel. Allen Ginsberg was the person who published his first novel as cheap as mass market paperback. Ace Books published the novel in 1953 under the pen name William Lee, re-titling it Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict. (It was later republished as Junkie or Junky). After the death of Ginsberg, William Burroughs wrote yet another novel. A novel resulted from this time, The Yage Letters, published in 1963 by San Francisco's City Lights Books comprising the letters between Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg. William Burroughs together with Ginsberg has characterized some of the essential effects of Beat Generation artistic movement in the following terms: "The evolution of rhythm and blues into rock and roll as a high art form, as evidenced by the Beatles, Bob Dylan, and other popular musicians influenced in the later fifties and sixties by Beat generation poets' and writers' works." William Seward Burroughs has been admired for his humor and talent of writing, but he is also the most appealing of all the major Beat figures. His crystalline clarity and raw power of writing influenced the rock culture of that era to a great extent. His particular emphasis on the issue of personal freedom brought about a whole new concept for the generation. Possibly, William was one of the most colorful writers who emerged on scene from the Beat period, and he led an extremely interesting life. He graduated from Harvard University in 1936 and was well known during his college days

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Law - Essay Example This is a system that categorises the different laws enacted into several distinct sections. However, other laws have legal jurisdiction in the United States, but they are not categorized under the United States Code. Some of these laws include the Universal Commercial Code (UCC) and the law of contracts. Scenario Overview The scenario presented by the events leading to the case of Chetum versus Barkley raises a lot of legal issues that need to be investigated. Ian Chetum is a shrewd businessman who awarded a contract to a family firm belonging to Knarles and Barkely. However, the terms of the contract were unclear and thus it created conflict between the interested parties. Ian Chetum has sued Barkely and his company for breach of contract, and this situation needs legal interpretation. There are several laws enacted in the United States of America and this laws deal with civil wrongs, torts or contracts. The sale of goods or service is guided the law of contracts, but in this scena rio, we witness several mistakes committed by the stakeholders in the case. For instance, Ian Chetum who owns the building in North Virginia ignored expert advice advanced to him by a plumber who works for Barkely. It is important to note that the firm run by Knarles and Barkely has jurisdiction in three districts of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia. As a result, they have the legal right to operate in these regions while the company can conduct business with any business partner or consumer. Laws in the United States There are several laws in the United States of America and most of these laws are enacted the House of Senate. Most of US laws are sourced from the senate while other international laws are recognised in the United States. For instance, the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is an international law that has jurisdiction in the US. Other sources of law that is usually relied upon in the courts of law in the United States include law based on precedence. This is whereby court decisions on previous legal matters are used in solving current court cases. Most agreements or contracts are based on the agreements made between two or more parties. A contract has provisions that guide on initiation, performance and termination of the agreement/contract. A contract should be entered through an agreement where an offer is made by one party, and acceptance is done by the other party. For a contract to be legally binding there must be free and genuine consent between the parties. A contract should include provisions that can easily be performed while the provisions should bear meaning. In the United States, the laws of contract and sales are different since these laws are used in different circumstances. For instance, contracts are used in drawing agreements that last long periods of time unlike sales laws that govern on sale of goods. Legal Issues The scenario presented in this case raises several legal issues which surround the job conducted on Ian Chetum’s building. Employees or professional who work on certain jobs have to be certified to conduct these jobs. Knarles’ company employees a plumber who is certified by the District of Columbia and thus, he has jurisdiction to work in Columbia. This raises the legal issue of jurisdiction in that is the same plumber licensed to work in other Districts such as Virginia and Maryland. Another important legal issue that needs to be looked into is if the unintended non-renewal of the plumber’

William Burroughs and Rock Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

William Burroughs and Rock Culture - Essay Example William was born as the youngest son to a business family in St. Louis. He attended the John Burroughs School in St. Louis where his first published essay, "Personal Magnetism," was published in the John Burroughs Review in 1929. He then attended The Los Alamos Ranch School in New Mexico, which was stressful for him and was soon expelled from Los Alamos after taking chloral hydrate in Santa Fe with a fellow student. He finished high school at Taylor School in St. Louis and, in 1932, left home to pursue an arts degree at Harvard University. He was introduced to the gay culture at Harvard. According to According to Ted Morgan's Literary Outlaw, "His parents, upon his graduation, had decided to give him a monthly allowance of $200 out of their earnings from Cobblestone Gardens, a tidy sum in those days. It was enough to keep him going, and indeed it guaranteed his survival for the next twenty-five years, arriving with welcome regularity. The allowance was a ticket to freedom; it allowed him to live where he wanted to and to forgo employment. -Ted Morgan, Literary Outlaw. p.65. New York:Avon Books, 1988." The original edition of Junkie credited to "William Lee" was Burroughs's first novel publication. He had begun writing in 1945 and soon collaborated with Kerouac on "And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks, a mystery novel loosely based on the Carr/Kammerer situation that was left unpublished. An excerpt of this work, in which Burroughs and Kerouac wrote alternating chapters, was finally published in "Word Virus", a compendium of William Burroughs' writing that was published after his death in 1997. The first novel - Junkie, was taken from letters he had written to Ginsberg who encouraged him to think of writing a novel. Allen Ginsberg was the person who published his first novel as cheap as mass market paperback. Ace Books published the novel in 1953 under the pen name William Lee, re-titling it Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict. (It was later republished as Junkie or Junky). After the death of Ginsberg, William Burroughs wrote yet another novel. A novel resulted from this time, The Yage Letters, published in 1963 by San Francisco's City Lights Books comprising the letters between Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg. William Burroughs together with Ginsberg has characterized some of the essential effects of Beat Generation artistic movement in the following terms: "The evolution of rhythm and blues into rock and roll as a high art form, as evidenced by the Beatles, Bob Dylan, and other popular musicians influenced in the later fifties and sixties by Beat generation poets' and writers' works." William Seward Burroughs has been admired for his humor and talent of writing, but he is also the most appealing of all the major Beat figures. His crystalline clarity and raw power of writing influenced the rock culture of that era to a great extent. His particular emphasis on the issue of personal freedom brought about a whole new concept for the generation. Possibly, William was one of the most colorful writers who emerged on scene from the Beat period, and he led an extremely interesting life. He graduated from Harvard University in 1936 and was well known during his college days

Benefits of Using Ms Office Essay Example for Free

Benefits of Using Ms Office Essay There are several benefits of using MS Office and not using MS Office or using an alternative. MS Office is the number one word processing software; the alternative word processing software’s usually generate their ideals, therefore being a fabrication of MS Office. Kingsoft Writer, an equivalent to Microsoft Word, Kingsoft Presentation, an equivalent to Microsoft PowerPoint, and Kingsoft Spreadsheets, an equivalent to Microsoft Excel, whereas Kingsoft does not offer a database software or any of the other software’s MS Office offers. Some disadvantages of Kingsoft Office are 1. Kingsoft Office 2009 works with Windows 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, and Windows 7 but not Macintosh computers and 2. If you’re a big fan of Microsoft Outlook, you’ll notice that Kingsoft Office includes no email and contact management software. MS office on the other hand provides you with a complete set of productivity and information management tools to accomplish routine tasks quickly, effectively manage customer and contact information in one place, produce professional-quality marketing communications and campaigns in-house, and simplify database creation and reporting. Microsoft Office provides the Live Preview feature of styles and formatting. That is, the content of the document temporarily applies formatting on the focused text or object when any formatting button is moused over. This allows users to view a preview of how the option would affect the appearance of the object, without actually applying it. The final layout effect is displayed by using the Live Preview feature. Hardware equipment requirement are high if using this feature. Currently, Kingsoft Office 2010 does not provide the Live Preview feature. Users need to select the specified style and apply it to view the final layout effects. Microsoft Office Excel is a powerful and widely used tool that helps people analyze information to make more informed decisions. Using Office Excel and Excel Services, you can share and manage your analysis and insight with coworkers, customers, and partners, Kingsoft is a viable alternative but is not as advanced as MS Office.

March Of The Penguins | Analysis

March Of The Penguins | Analysis The emperor penguins have a unique and exhausting mating ritual, which is said to exemplify a traditional family life. While originally intended to be a simple nature documentary, March of the Penguins, turned into a phenomenon in the United States. Many people viewed the Emperor penguins dedication to their families and the mating ritual as a model for a traditional and conservative family that most Americans are lacking. Family values are a somewhat controversial issue due to its large basis in ethics. Ethics is a set of guidelines or morals that people or a culture use as a rubric for good or bad behavior and decisions. The family values promoted in March of the Penguins are ethical according to the American way of life. This film was produced by French filmmakers and narrated by Morgan Freeman. Furthermore, it was the second highest grossing film in the United States (Miller). After premiering in the United States, reviews began to circulate that raved of the conservation values pushed in the film as well as traditional family values. The documentary, March of the Penguins, was highly successful due to the interpretation of the portrayal of conservation in a non-scientific manner and the family values promoted by personifying the penguins in the film. March of the Penguins is a documentary created and produced by French filmmakers, Luc Jaquet, Michael Fessler, and Bonne Pioche, which documents the yearly journey of the emperor penguins in Antarctica. Narrating the American version of the film is by the infamous Morgan Freeman, who is notorious for his voice that can make any moment on film moving and meaningful. Utilizing him as the only human voice heard in the film gives it much more of an impact on audiences of all walks of life. The writers and producers created a film that document the incredible journey that these amazing animals make each year and their mating rituals that are unlike any other. Emperor penguins have many fine characteristics, that unless seen up close they would never be visible to the human eye. Emperors are the largest of all penguins-an average bird stands some 45 inches (115 centimeters) tall (Forsteri). Emperor penguins are the father of all penguins. Each summer the Emperor penguins hunt and feed on fish in the ocean. The penguins instinctively begin their journey seventy miles inland as a species to the mating grounds where they then find their perfect mate for the next year. While at the mating grounds, the female emperor penguin gives birth to a single egg. After she gives birth, she leaves for the ocean to feed again while the male emperor penguin remains at the mating grounds with the other males to warm and protect their egg all through the brutal winter. These penguins attain their physical features in order to survive the harsh habitat they have to reside in. The males wait until the females return in the spring when their young hatch from the ir eggs. The winter is extremely relentless and harsh in Antarctica, especially inland where the mating ground is. There are several sunless days and many more with little sunlight. The males have no food to eat and must rely on the fat they built up over the summer to feed them and keep them warm through the season. These penguins use many conservation tactics in order to survive in the worst of times. By the time the egg has hatched, emperor penguins will have fasted about 65 days through icy temperatures and they will have survived the brutal wind chills of inland Antarctica reaching as low -76ÂÂ °F (Forsteri). To help survive, the males all gather in a large huddle with their backs to the outside to keep warm. They rotate turns being on the outside where it is the coldest and being in the center where it is the warmest. By learning and utilizing how penguins conserve can only benefit everyone on a global level. Reducing our own carbon footprint will decrease the effects of Global Warming. One of the most important things we can do, as penguins do, is work in a group. Humans should help others and work with others in conserving energy, similar to the way emperor penguins work as a group to keep each other warm. Humans can cut down on the use of air conditioning and heat, for example, which will save a vast amount of energy. There are numerous ways for humans to conserve our habitat, similar to the way penguins conserve their habitat which will help our earth as a whole. The females then return in the spring just as their young are hatching so that they can feed them and relieve the males from their long months of protecting their offspring with no food. The mothers take the task of teaching the young penguin chicks about the world, because one day soon those baby chicks will have to carry on the tradition for the survival of their species (Anderson). As in traditional American families, the mother penguin is in charge of caring for their offspring after they emerge from the egg. The filming technique in March of the Penguins is impressive and gives the documentary a much more up close and personal feeling. There are many close-ups of the penguins throughout the documentary. Additionally, scenes reveal footage that have never been captured on film. One of the more touching moments occurs during the mating season, an Emperor penguin couple pose with their heads bowed down together in an almost kissing embrace. They were also able to capture the penguins as they were feeding underwater during the summer, preparing to make their amazing journey inland for the winter. Being able to see these creatures up close puts the viewers in their shoes, if they could wear any. The shots that these videographers were able to capture are breathtaking and captivating, in turn keeping the audience enthralled throughout an otherwise boring and straightforward documentary. The filming techniques in this documentary are most definitely a large part of the reason for its huge succe ss in the United States. The translation appears that the message of family values is a form of expression through the movie March of the Penguins. Let us assume that when groups of people watch or listen to a film, each individual will interpret the information differently. Peoples personal views are ethically different, depending on what he or she understands and perceives to be true and right. When interviewed by the London Times March of the Penguins director Jacquet, who has never made a film for the cinema before, is concerned that his documentary has been hijacked. For me there is no doubt about evolution. I am a scientist. The intelligent design theory is a step back to the thinking of 300 years ago. My film is not supposed to be interpreted in this way (Malvern). Yet by examining the film, its message reveals a strong suggestion of traditional family values and monogamy. For example, the films story of unswerving portrayal that penguins function in the same manner each mating season cycle. It reinforces monogamous heterosexual family makeup as a natural and necessary part of life. The story of the penguins depicts total parental sacrifice and dedication to the offspring and the traditional family structure. First, in the scenes in which the penguins are having intercourse are only implied. The director only reveals intimate shots of wings and beaks, as tender loving music plays in the background. This parallels the idea of traditional family values, rather than the actual act shown, as if the penguins intercourse is offensive. Furthermore, the film characterizes the penguin family as incomplete unless both parents and the chick are together, seeing that a single parent does not represent a traditional family structure. One scene in the film, a mother penguin loses her chick, Morgan Freeman expresses that the loss is unbearable and the film illustrate s painful flashbacks in reference to the moments that the mother cherishes with her chick. The insinuation of these scenes to many traditional families understandably personifies penguins, as if they are the perfect human. It is unspoken that mothers should only exist for the welfare of their children and family. Somehow a notion has taken root that there is a whole persona that you have to adopt to impress people and convince them you have the perfect family (Ferguson, 148). No individual is perfect, nor is any family by any means. Taking a closer look at this film assists families in evaluating their own family value system. As a scientist Jacquet realized, What I really discovered [in Antarctica] was my desire to be a storyteller, he explains. There are other people there who know the story; there are geologists and physicians and meteorologists and they experience all of this, but I felt like it was really my calling to be able to share this with the outside world (Grady). The film imitates human characteristics, such as the closeness of the family unit. The film portrays the story of the penguins as a love tale, displaying the unconditional love of the family dynamics through sacrifice, discipline, and unconditional love for their children, that we as individuals could learn from. Lastly, the documentary was not scientific in how they depicted the tale of the Emperor penguin. Richard A. Blake, co-director of the film, states You get a sense of these animals following their natural instincts are really exercising virtue that for humans would be quite admirable, he said. I could see it as a statement on monogamy or condemnation of gay marriage or whatever the current agenda is (Miller). By humanizing the story, the audience is able to effectively grasp and sympathize with the lives of the penguins, by association with their own. Conservation and family values are important subjects to Americans today. Both influence their lives in various but important ways. Having good conservation practices and being concerned with the atmosphere will help better our environment and the world for those who are yet to come in the future. Family values affect how people act and react to situations and carry themselves among their families. How a person is raised in their home as a young person up until their adulthood shapes them into who they will become. This then affects how they treat others and how they decide what is wrong or right in society once they are on their own. The documentary, March of the Penguins, is a film that inspires audiences in America to become more environmentally conscious and better their family life and values at home.

H.M. Scott Smiths, the Historical Houses of Prince Edward Island :: essays papers

H.M. Scott Smith's, the Historical Houses of Prince Edward Island H.M. Scott Smith's, the Historical Houses of Prince Edward Island, is a candid look into the more architecturally and historically significant buildings located on Prince Edward Island. Focusing particularly on those constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Historical Houses of Prince Edward Island, features structures from the early days of the Micmac wigwams to the elegance of the Victorian presence. His purpose is to trace the evolution of the Islands housing in their form, decor, and construction over the course of time. In addition, Smith writes of the different principal international impacts, which have shaped the architectural stature of Prince Edward Island. Hoping to set a starting point in Prince Edward Islands' architectural studies, Smith states 1"I also wish to stress that I conceived this project and these books as a beginning, in the hope that architectural historians, geographers, academics or any interested individuals might be inspired to further research and document the various aspects touched on only briefly in this book." Smith, an active conservationist, clearly shows that he believes in the importance of building history and preservation, not only in Prince Edward island, but all over the world in hoping that others will pick up where he has left off opening another door in architectural studies. Smith provides the reader with an easy to follow guide, which is set in Smith, H.W. Scott. Historical Houses of Prince Edward Island. Erin: Boston Mills Press, 1990. P.10 chronological order and provides, photographs and/or sketches with each brief, yet descriptive, explanation of the chosen dwellings. Expressive yet not overpowering, we are taken through the evolution of the selected structures by means of the change in style and heritage from that of the architectural monuments origin. In the journey of seeking architectural history, the author touches on, but hesitates to go in-depth with the true mode of building based on regional forms and materials. The lack of information covering the social and community history, building placement, along with the unique building styles (with stone and brick) formed by the adapting peoples of the Island leaves a lot out of this book. Instead, Smith focuses intensely on the inhabitants of the homes throughout time, and the strong foreign influence from Scotland, England, Ireland, and New England. The glossary, which Smith provides, was very effective as it made his work easy to understand while increasing the readers knowledge of architectural terms.

Production Context of Bye Bye Blues :: Anne Wheeler Bye Bye Blues Essays

Production Context of Bye Bye Blues In his essay on the historical fiction film, Leger Grindon writes: "History is no more than a useful device to speak of the present time. The historical film indulges its contact with the immediate and generally refuses the past its distinct and foreign character" (Grindon 189). It is exactly this distinct character, however, that director Anne Wheeler hoped to capture in her 1989 film Bye Bye Blues. In an interview taken during the film’s production, Wheeler explained: "I’m trying to present history as it was, not as we hope it was" (Hays 9). With Bye Bye Blues, Wheeler has created more than simply what Grindon purports the historical fiction to be; her film captures much of the detail of life on the Canadian home-front during the Second World War. Wheeler does, however, weave into the film a deeper message about the role of the woman in society, which, ultimately, speaks directly to the audience of the 1990’s. While Bye Bye Blues is factual, the film does not d epict history entirely as it happened. This is not to say that Wheeler has overtly classified the forties as a period of triumph for feminists the world over, for she has not. Much of Bye Bye Blues is indeed authentic. "Wheeler has said time and again in interviews that stylistically, she likes to keep things as realistic as possible" (Hays 9). This is evidenced by the manner in which Wheeler tackles her subject; the film treats the events of the past with subtlety. "The overall impression left by accounts of life on the home-front is of ... boredom and ... deprivation punctuated by moments of terror" (Klein 10). Had the director exaggerated the events of the war, even on the home-front, she would have sacrificed some of the film’s realism. Instead of glorifying the war and over-dramatizing events like the return of Daisy’s husband, the story is presented in a straight-forward and unsentimental manner. Wheeler presents problems that are true-to-life, such as Daisy being unable to afford new shoes for her son . And certainly the events the film addresses are historically accurate: Japan did invade Singapore at the end of 1940, taking enemy soldiers hostage as prisoners of war (Snyder 267). During the war, women were left to fend for themselves and their children, without knowing whether their husbands were dead or alive, let alone where they could write to them (Vickers 25).

My Heritage Essay

My heritage is something that I am immensely proud of. The origins of my heritage began along the Andean region of South America. The depth of my culture is represented through Ecuador’s musical and gastronomical roots. My family strictly follows a strong religious background which has influenced my life greatly. Besides cultural gastronomy and religion, the celebration of holidays is very important to my family as well. Therefore, there are many different factors that my heritage is composed of. One part of my heritage, that I particularly enjoy, is the music and cuisine which pertains to my culture. Ecuador has a wide variety of music ranging from Incan tribal music to current traditional Ecuadorian music. Every time a song is played, it tells a different story, allowing the listener to visualize and experience the rhythm first hand. Among the many plates Ecuador has to offer, a few in particular have been established as my favorites; one of them is called â€Å"Locro†, which is a thick soup made from potatoes, cheese, and meat. Locro is usually served with a light salad, topped off with cilantro and avocado. The aroma emanating from this culinary concoction sends my mind into a state of euphoric tranquility. Therefore, the combination of these two can make any event a moment to savor. In addition to the music and the food, religion plays an important role in my heritage as well. Catholicism is the dominant religion in Ecuador, and the religion with which I was raised. The Roman based religion has a high influence amongst my people. I remember during my childhood how important it was to go through my religious sacraments. As a Catholic, going to church with my family every Sunday was a never broken tradition. Although I am respectful of all religions, my religion has played an important role and has allowed me to flourish. Among the many rituals that are practiced within the Catholic religion, we show a significant amount of respect to Catholic holidays. Holidays are a very important ceremonial event which is glorified amongst my family. Once a year, my family gathers together for a much acclaimed event, the birth of Jesus Christ. To some, this day is known to be filled with folktales about a gift giving Santa Clause hidden in the North Pole. In my family, we are  taught from childhood about the son of God, Jesus Christ, and the many miracles and sacrifices he had to endure for us. Another part of this tradition was attending midnight mass to show respect for the birth of baby Jesus. This religion and its holiday are not only pertinent to the country of my origin but also a large part of what I consider to be my heritage today. In conclusion, my heritage is drawn from different factors all of which depend on the types of influences that are present in a person’s life. The parts of my heritage which I consider important include the gastronomical and musical roots of Ecuador, Catholicism, and lastly the celebration of an important religious holiday. These combinations have had a substantially large influence on what I consider my heritage today.

Charles Manson Essay

Charles Manson had experienced a very bumpy childhood being the son of a teenage, bisexual, alcoholic prostitute. Being shuffled between homes of relatives and orphanages, it is not surprising to see that his criminal activity sprouted from a very early age. Manson’s incredible charisma attracted many hippies and he managed to earn himself s reputation as god-like in the eyes of many beautiful girls. When Manson and his â€Å"Family† settled down in Spahn Ranch he was able to sleep with a different girl each night. Not only this, but he had the power to make his Family members murder whomever he was unhappy with. In fact, the Family members were often more than happy to commit murder is it pleased Charles Manson. The Family used particularly gruesome methods of homicide and one woman had even contemplated carving an unborn baby out of the body of a murdered woman, as it would have made Manson proud. Charles Manson managed to brainwash his followers and make them worship like a god. He abused power severely by ordering his Family members to kill people, often random, for his satisfaction. Being in his position, he could have prevented all the murders however he chose not to, and never hesitated to even discourage them. Charles Manson is best known for the murder of Sharon Tate. Actually it would be more accurate to say Charles Manson and his â€Å"family† murdered Sharon Tate, and actress and wife of director Roman Polanski. The victims of the Manson family included Sharon Tate and her unborn baby Paul Richard Polanski, as well as her guests that evening, Abigail Folger, and her boyfriend Voytek Frykowski, and an internationally known hair stylist Jay Sebring. The day after those murders the family killed Leno and Rosemary LaBianca. Before either of these murders took place part of the family murdered Gary Hinman. A man named Donald â€Å"shorty† Shea was also killed. The Manson Family also eventually killed defense attorney for one of the Manson Family members, Ronald Hughes, during the course of the trial. So why would Charles Manson lead a number of followers to commit these  horrendous and meaningless crimes? Manson knew the layout of the Polanski house. It is quite possible that the crimes were committed at that house because Manson wanted to scare Terry Melcher for not backing his recording career. Terry Melcher, was a man in the music business. Manson tried unsuccessfully to convince Melcher to finance a film in which Manson’s music could be used. Melcher once lived in the Polanski house, and thus by killing tenants, the Family could scare him. Some people in the family believed that it was done because it would spark nation wide publicity and the murders would be â€Å"noticed.† The Manson Family murders are certainly the most bizarre acts of serial murder the United States has ever seen. The reason is that Manson’s motives do not fit under the more common motives held by serial killers. In conclusion I think Manson was a coward, he dragged desperate and innocent people that didn’t know any better, into his problems. After brain washing his people he told them to do the killing, actually never committing a murder himself. These murders were so bizarre because what would you expect from a bunch of brainwashed hippies, tripping out on acid. They were legally insane therefore, I don’t think they really knew what they were doing most of the time, which made things worse.

Economics Paper Essay

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total number of goods and services produced in an economy in a given year. Measured in monetary terms, it reflects the general output of an economy per given period of time. The so-called â€Å"price basket index† (the average price levels for all goods and services in an economy) is the standard maeasure of GDP (the base year is arbitrary). GDP, however, is a standard measure itself. It is used to measure business cycles. Business cycles are generally fluctuations of aggregate production schedules per given period of time (usually monthly). Several theorists attempted to formalize the theory behind business cycles to no avail. Explanatory variables offered by these theorists were either insignificant or in contradiction with accepted economic principles. In any case, the ratio of GDP to the potential GDP can serve as an indirect measurement of the level of production fluctuation in the economy. If the ratio is close to 1, then the level of business cycle in an economy is also minimal. If the variance is large, then the economy experiences high levels of production fluctuations. In order to remove these fluctuations, actual GDP must equal potential GDP. If an economy achieves potential GDP, then it is Pareto Efficient. Hence, the amount of fluctuations (which characterized inefficiency) is close to zero. The determination of fiscal policies is solely the function of the government. Fiscal policies refer to expenditures a government undertakes to provide goods and services and to the way in which the government finances these expenditures (like taxes and subsidies). In the United States, some of the agencies concerned with setting fiscal policies are as follows: agencies of the federal government like the Defense Department, Trade Department, and the Bureau of Internal Revenue, and agencies of state governments. Generally, fiscal policies can be undertaken by all levels of government. The general functions of these bodies are as follows: 1) Provide goods and services that the market will usually not provide; 2) Provide economic infrastracture that will facilitate the flow of goods and services in an economcy; 3) Increase government spending during times of uncertainty, economic crisis, and recessions; 4) Provide businesses and investors an elaborate system of information in order to reduce transaction costs; 5) And, create incentives schemes in order to encourage increased production (or create an optimal tax system where firms that produce negative externalities would be heavily taxed to reach the social optima). Fiscal policies encourage increased production in two ways. By providing incentive schemes or subsidies to particular industries, the government can expect a long-term increase in the economy’s output. Increasing government expenditure is seen by investors and firms as a sign of expected economic growth (psychological). By increasing government expenditure, the national income increases by a certain amount depending on the government multiplier (note that Y = C + I + G + NX). An increase in G reflects an increase in Y. This induces other participants in an economy to spend more (therefore save less). Increased government spending also has bearing on employment, inflation, and general wage levels. Sustained government spending results to sustained inflation. Employment is ambiguously affected (this depends on the capacity of the economy to create jobs). Wage levels decreases in the long-run because of lower aggregate demand for labor. In many cases, fiscal policies are matched with monetary policies in order to achieve a desirable economic state. However, the use of monetary policies is more complicated. Hence, a separate analysis must be reserved for this topic.

Affirmative Action Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Affirmative Action Policies - Essay Example As such, matters related to sharing, equality, and fairness are of paramount importance and frequently give rise to need for mechanisms for addressing implications that come along with these mechanisms. Affirmative action traces its roots back in the Reconstruction Era whereby after slaves attained freedom, they had nothing else apart from small skills that could use to earn a living2. As a result, the victorious General T. Sherman set forth a proposal that was to divide the land and goods of the Southeastern Georgia into sizeable proportions and give the freed family 40 acres of land and a mule in order to begin their lives3. This move attracted a huge level of opposition from the sitting clergy. However, almost a century later, this issue of affirmative action has come back to haunt opponents of this policy. Today, the lawful society of the United States recognizes the idea of assisting individuals of minority decency to gain access to American goods. This came via a series of poli tical initiatives and court proceedings that interpreted all the requirements of the civil rights just as provided in the Fourteenth Amendment 4. These initiatives, as well as court decisions, came into books as affirmative action. As the term itself suggests, it is both voluntary and mandatory in that it intends to affirm civically recognized rights of the designated classes of people by employing a positive action in order to protect these individuals from the rampant, all round, and pervasive incidents of discrimination in America. Sources indicate that affirmative action developed about four decades ago following the debate between the Board of Education and Brown5. In terms of Brown, the Supreme Court opined that children of minority races faced segregation and discrimination in areas of education. This fact denied these children equal education opportunities and rejected the doctrine that asserted â€Å"separate but equal† within the public schools6. Following increased cases of discrimination and victorious wins in wars like the Vietnam War, men and women of minority groups intensified their fight for equal rights. These members were able to integrate change in the nation’s existing laws and attained collective address in the Fourteenth Amendment. Following the success of affirmative action, members of the minority groups attained places in the employment and education sector. As the focus of this paper ascertains, changes in both the graduate and undergraduate programs in the US grew due to increased criticism from whites and men who claimed that the policies of affirmative action brought about something they termed as the â€Å"reverse discrimination†. To ensure, successful integration of affirmative action policies in undergraduate and graduate programs, the Court acted before business legislatures and executives and mandated coalition of positive actions in these programs7. As a matter of course, the Court set in place a number of devices that integrated and fostered indiscriminative measures towards students from minority backgrounds. These devices included majority to minority transfers, redistricting, new construction, magnet schools, school pairings, abandonment of all blacks’ schools, and busing. Investigations highlight that implications related to affirmative action particularly when compared to race consciousness and race blind admissions give explanations as to how alternative programs are impractical in general. With reference to a number of discussions, selections that base solely on academia qualifications such as the Medical College Admissions Test and Grade Point Averages